SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS | SYSTEM COMPONENTS

ON THIS PAGE
SECTION 1 | THE DEPLOYMENT STAGE
SECTION 2 | SOFTWARE RELEASE
​SECTION 3 | UPDATES AND PATCHES

ALSO IN THIS TOPIC
PLANNING AND SYSTEM INSTALLATION
  USER FOCUS
SYSTEM BACKUP
 ​SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT
YOU ARE HERE | SYSTEM COMPONENTS
SYSTEM DESIGN
HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
TOPIC 1 REVISION
KEY TERMINOLOGY
TOPIC 1 ANSWERS

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In this section you are expected to be able to ​define the terms: hardware, software, peripheral, network, human resources.

•  Hardware: Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, and input/output (I/O) devices such as a keyboard, mouse, and monitor.
• Software: Software refers to the programs and instructions that run on a computer and control the hardware. Software can be categorized into two main types: system software, which includes the operating system and device drivers, and application software, which includes productivity tools, games, and other programs.
• Peripheral: A peripheral is a device that is attached to a computer system to enhance its functionality. Peripherals can be external, such as printers and external hard drives, or internal, such as sound cards and graphics cards.
• Network: A network is a group of two or more computers or devices that are connected to each other to exchange data and resources. Networks can be local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), or the Internet.
• Human Resources: Human Resources (HR) refers to the department or function within an organization that is responsible for managing personnel, including recruiting and hiring, training, and employee benefits. HR also deals with employee relations, compensation, and compliance with labor laws. 

SECTION 1 | A NETWORKED WORLD

The term "networked world" refers to a world where computers and other devices are connected to each other via networks, allowing them to exchange information, share resources, and communicate with each other. The Internet is the largest and most well-known example of a networked world, connecting billions of devices worldwide and enabling users to access information, communicate, and collaborate from anywhere in the world.
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• Client: A client is a computer or device that requests services or resources from a server. In a networked environment, clients can be desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, or other devices that access the network to request information or services.
• Server: A server is a computer or device that provides services or resources to other computers or devices on a network. Servers can be dedicated or general-purpose, and they can provide services such as file sharing, email, web hosting, and database management.
• Email Server: An email server is a type of server that provides email services to users on a network. An email server receives, stores, and sends emails, and it can also provide features such as spam filtering, virus scanning, and email archiving.
• DNS Server: A Domain Name System (DNS) server is a type of server that translates domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to access websites and other network resources using domain names instead of IP addresses.
• Router: A router is a network device that forwards data packets between computer networks, connecting devices and allowing them to communicate with each other. Routers can be used to connect LANs to WANs, or to connect multiple LANs to form a larger network.
• Firewall: A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Firewalls are used to prevent unauthorised access to a network and to protect it from malicious attacks, such as hacking and malware.

In a networked world, individuals, businesses, and organisations can interact and transact with each other, regardless of geographical location. This has led to the creation of a global economy and has transformed the way we live, work, and communicate. The networked world has also brought about new challenges, such as cybersecurity risks and the need for privacy protection, which must be addressed to ensure the continued growth and success of this interconnected world.

SECTION 2 | SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES

There are several social and ethical issues associated with a networked world, including:
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• Privacy: One of the main concerns in a networked world is privacy. Personal information, such as name, address, and financial information, can be easily collected, stored, and shared on the Internet, making it vulnerable to theft, hacking, and unauthorised use.
• Cyberbullying: The anonymity and reach of the Internet has made it easier for individuals to engage in cyberbullying, a form of bullying that takes place through electronic communication. Cyberbullying can have serious consequences for victims, including depression and anxiety.
• Freedom of speech: The Internet has provided a platform for individuals to express their opinions and ideas, but it has also made it easier for hate speech and misinformation to spread. Balancing the right to free speech with the need to protect individuals from harm is a complex ethical issue in a networked world.
• Intellectual property: The ease of sharing information and media on the Internet has led to the widespread distribution of copyrighted material, such as music, movies, and software, without the permission of the creators. This has raised ethical questions about the protection of intellectual property rights and the fair use of such material.
• Digital divide: Not everyone has equal access to the benefits of a networked world. The digital divide refers to the unequal distribution of technology and internet access, which can result in unequal access to information, education, and economic opportunities.

Addressing these social and ethical issues in a networked world requires a combination of technical solutions, such as encryption and firewalls, as well as social responsibility, public education, and the development of laws and regulations to protect individuals and communities.

1. What are the components of a computer system and how do they work together?
2. What is the difference between system software and application software?
3. How do peripherals enhance the functionality of a computer system?
4. What is a network and how does it allow computers and devices to communicate?
5. What are the different roles that a computer can take in a networked world and what are the responsibilities of each role?
6. What is the digital divide and how does it affect access to information, education, and economic opportunities in a networked world?
7. How can the ethical and social issues associated with a networked world, such as privacy and cyberbullying, be addressed?
8. What are the implications of a networked world for businesses and organisations, and how can they ensure the security and privacy of their information and resources?

ALSO IN THIS TOPIC

PLANNING AND SYSTEM INSTALLATION
USER FOCUS
SYSTEM BACKUP
SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
SYSTEM DESIGN
HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
TOPIC 1 REVISION
KEY TERMINOLOGY
​TOPIC 1 ANSWERS