RASPBERRY PI | LED PROJECT

SECTION 1 | CONTROL AN LED

Learn how to connect and control a single LED using a breadboard and a microcontroller (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi).
Step-by-step Guide:

1. Gather Components:
   • 1 LED (any color)
   • 1 resistor (calculated previously, e.g., 220Ω)
   • Breadboard
   • Jumper wires
   • Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino)
2. Wiring Instructions:
   • Insert the LED into the breadboard (longer leg = positive/anode, shorter leg = negative/cathode).
   • Connect the resistor to the LED's shorter leg (negative).
   • Use a jumper wire to connect the other end of the resistor to the breadboard's GND pin.
   • Connect another jumper wire from the LED’s positive leg to pin 13 on the microcontroller.​

3: Programming the Microcontroller:

• RASPBERRY PI
• ARDUINO

<

>

​import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

# Set up GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)  # Use physical pin numbering
GPIO.setup(12, GPIO.OUT)  # Set pin 12 as an output

# Blink the LED
try:
    while True:
        GPIO.output(13, GPIO.HIGH)  # Turn LED on
        time.sleep(1)              # Wait 1 second
        GPIO.output(13, GPIO.LOW)  # Turn LED off
        time.sleep(1)              # Wait 1 second
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    GPIO.cleanup()  # Reset GPIO settings

​void setup() {
  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // Turn LED on
  delay(1000);           // Wait for 1 second
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);  // Turn LED off
  delay(1000);           // Wait for 1 second
}

SECTION 2 | CONTROL MULTIPLE LEDs

Learn how to connect and control multiple LEDs in sequence or pattern.
Step-by-step Guide:

1. Gather Components:
   • 3 LEDs (different colors, if available)
   • 3 resistors (one for each LED)
   • Breadboard
   • Jumper wires
   • Raspberry Pi
2. Wiring Instructions:
   • Connect the 3 LEDs to separate rows on the breadboard.
   • Attach resistors to the cathode (negative leg) of each LED, connecting them to a GND pin.
   • Connect the anodes (positive legs) to GPIO pins 7, 11, and 13 (physical pins 7, 11, and 13) using jumper wires.

3. Programming with Python:

• Use this Python script to create a blinking pattern

• RASPBERRY PI
• ARDUINO

<

>

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time

# Set up GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
leds = [7, 11, 13]  # Define LED pins
for pin in leds:
    GPIO.setup(pin, GPIO.OUT)

# Blink the LEDs in sequence
try:
    while True:
        for pin in leds:
            GPIO.output(pin, GPIO.HIGH)  # Turn LED on
            time.sleep(0.5)              # Wait 0.5 seconds
            GPIO.output(pin, GPIO.LOW)   # Turn LED off
except KeyboardInterrupt:
    GPIO.cleanup()

void setup() {
  pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(8, HIGH);
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(8, LOW);

  digitalWrite(9, HIGH);
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(9, LOW);

  digitalWrite(10, HIGH);
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(10, LOW);
}

SECTION 3 | FASTEST TO THE BUTTON GAME

Build an interactive game where players compete to press a button faster, lighting up an LED for the winner.
Step-by-step Guide:

1. Gather Components:
   • 3 LEDs (e.g., red and green)
   • 2 buttons
   • 3 resistors for LEDs, 2 pull-down resistors for buttons (10kΩ)
   • Breadboard
   • Jumper wires
   • Microcontroller
2. Wiring Instructions:
   • Connect each button to a digital pin (e.g., 18 and 22) and ground through pull-down resistors.
   • Connect one LED to pin 7 (red) and the other to pin 11 (green), and 13 each with a resistor (dependning on the LED you are using 220Ω) to ground.
3. Programming the Microcontroller:
   • Use this code to create the game

• RASPBERRY PI
• WITH MULTI THREADING

<

>

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
import random

# Set up GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
button1 = 18
button2 = 22
led1 = 7
led2 = 11
start_led = 13  # Third LED to signal the game start

GPIO.setup(button1, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_DOWN)
GPIO.setup(button2, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_DOWN)
GPIO.setup(led1, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(led2, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(start_led, GPIO.OUT)

print("Game Ready! Press Ctrl+C to exit.")

try:
    while True:
        input("Press Enter to start a new round...")
        
        # Random delay before start signal
        delay = random.uniform(2, 5)
        print(f"Get ready... (waiting {round(delay, 1)}s)")
        time.sleep(delay)
        
        # Turn on start LED
        GPIO.output(start_led, GPIO.HIGH)
        duration = random.randint(1, 10)
        print(f"Start LED ON for {duration} seconds!")
        time.sleep(duration)
        GPIO.output(start_led, GPIO.LOW)
        print("GO! Press your button!")

        # Wait for a button press after the start LED goes OFF
        start_time = time.time()
        winner = None
        while True:
            if GPIO.input(button1) == GPIO.HIGH:
                winner = "Player 1"
                GPIO.output(led1, GPIO.HIGH)
                break
            elif GPIO.input(button2) == GPIO.HIGH:
                winner = "Player 2"
                GPIO.output(led2, GPIO.HIGH)
                break

        end_time = time.time()
        reaction_time = round(end_time - start_time, 3)
        print(f"{winner} wins! Reaction time: {reaction_time} seconds")

        # Keep LED on for a second, then turn both off
        time.sleep(1)
        GPIO.output(led1, GPIO.LOW)
        GPIO.output(led2, GPIO.LOW)

except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print("\nGame exited.")
    GPIO.cleanup()

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
import random
import threading

# Set up GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
button1 = 18
button2 = 22
led1 = 7
led2 = 11
start_led = 13  # LED to signal start

GPIO.setup(button1, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_DOWN)
GPIO.setup(button2, GPIO.IN, pull_up_down=GPIO.PUD_DOWN)
GPIO.setup(led1, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(led2, GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(start_led, GPIO.OUT)

# Shared flag for early press
early_press_detected = False
early_loser = None

# Function to monitor early presses
def detect_early_press():
    global early_press_detected, early_loser
    while not early_press_detected:
        if GPIO.input(button1) == GPIO.HIGH:
            early_press_detected = True
            early_loser = "Player 1"
            break
        elif GPIO.input(button2) == GPIO.HIGH:
            early_press_detected = True
            early_loser = "Player 2"
            break
        time.sleep(0.01)

print("Game Ready! Press Ctrl+C to exit.")

try:
    while True:
        input("\nPress Enter to start a new round...")

        # Reset flags
        early_press_detected = False
        early_loser = None

        # Start early press detection in a separate thread
        monitor_thread = threading.Thread(target=detect_early_press)
        monitor_thread.start()

        # Random countdown before start LED turns off
        delay = random.uniform(2, 5)
        print(f"Get ready... (waiting {round(delay, 2)}s)")
        GPIO.output(start_led, GPIO.HIGH)
        time.sleep(delay)

        GPIO.output(start_led, GPIO.LOW)

        if early_press_detected:
            print(f"{early_loser} pressed too early and LOSES this round!")
            # Wait for thread to finish cleanly
            monitor_thread.join()
            continue  # Skip to next round

        print("GO! Press your button!")

        # Wait for a valid button press
        winner = None
        while not winner:
            if GPIO.input(button1) == GPIO.HIGH:
                winner = "Player 1"
                GPIO.output(led1, GPIO.HIGH)
            elif GPIO.input(button2) == GPIO.HIGH:
                winner = "Player 2"
                GPIO.output(led2, GPIO.HIGH)

        print(f"{winner} wins!")

        time.sleep(1)
        GPIO.output(led1, GPIO.LOW)
        GPIO.output(led2, GPIO.LOW)

except KeyboardInterrupt:
    print("\nGame exited.")
    GPIO.cleanup()